传染性海绵状脑病及其分子生物学诊断

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathye and Its Diagnosis

传染性海绵状脑病是一种区别于普通流行病的人兽共患病 ,其病原体是一种具有传染性的、未知功能的糖蛋白 ,命名为蛋白质感染颗粒 ,即朊病毒。它是一个超出经典病毒学和生物学的全新概念。朊病毒是有机体的正常细胞蛋白质错误折叠的产物 ,其扩增机制和致病机制不同于一般病毒。传染性海绵状脑病潜伏期长 ,传染性强且无法治愈 ,机体免疫系统对朊病毒不识别。目前 ,传染性海绵状脑病的诊断已达到分子水平 ,国际上主要利用抗 Pr P抗体、脑脊液中蛋白质的改变以及实时 PCR和质谱分析法等手段来进行临床诊断和病原体的检测。

Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathye (TSE)is a kind of zoonosis.The infectious agent is Proteinaceous infectious particle (Prion) which functions are uncovered. Prion is a new conception beyond common virology and biology.Prion is the offspring of general cell's protein by wrong folding mode in organism.The replica machanism of Prion is different from common virus.The latency period of TSE is very long,the infectivity of TSE is very strong,and people have no method of curing TSE.The immunity system can't distinguish Prion from general tissue.At present people diagnose TSE by the mean of molecule in international.On one hand,they diagnose TSE by making use of the antibody of the PrP.On the other hand, The diagnosis of TSE is cling to the change of the 14-3-3 protein in the brain and spinal cord.Thirdly,people examine the agent by the mean of real time PCR and Mass spectrometry.