回到历史场景:从宋人两个说法看哲学史与思想史之分野

The Dividing Line Between History of Philosophy and History of Ideology from the Two Opinions Given by the Song Scholars

宋人赵普的“道理最大”常被哲学史家注意。这一观念虽然可以被诠释为“理学”的起点 ,建立起宋代哲学史的系谱 ,但它也是宋代政治上的关键词 ,必须放在北宋和南宋的历史场景中 ,才能得到思想史的理解。不仅“道理最大” ,包括宋代的“一道德 ,同风俗”也是如此。现在的中国哲学史 ,常常是对中国思想进行西方哲学意义上的“系谱化”或“脉络化” ,忽略了思想的历史场景 ,其实 ,古代思想真正进入社会生活世界 ,必须有具体的历史背景 ,而且经历“制度化”、“常识化”、“世俗化”。因此 ,思想史研究必须回到历史场景 ;同时 ,在知识史、思想史、社会史和政治史之间也不必画地为牢。

Principle is the Greatest' put forward by Zhao Pu in the Song Dynasty has been paid attention to by historians of philosophy and at the same time contains much political meaning. To understand it better, we must go back to the historical scenes of the Song Dynasty. The dividing line now is evidently affected by 'genealogy' of philosophical perspective in the West, which ignores the historical scenes of ideology on which the study of ideological history must depend. So it is not necessary to divide a clear line between history of knowledge, ideology, society and politics.