英汉句式结构差异与翻译

The Different and Translation of Syntactic Structure Between English and Chinese

英汉两种语言在句式结构上存在着明显的差异 :英语句子主谓机制突出 ,主次分明 ,因而在形态上呈现出叠床架屋式的空间树型构造 ;汉语句子则是“积顿成句” ,不存在主干结构 ,如同竹子般节节拔起。由于这种句式结构上的根本差异 ,中西方人即使是表达相似的思想 ,所采取的语言形式也是截然不同的。在英汉互译时 ,只有根据译入语的语言结构特征 ,对原语的句子结构作相应的调整 ,译文才会显得通顺自然。

English and Chinese are much different on the level of syntactic structure. Subject and predicate are the most components of a sentence in English,thus English syntactic structure is very similar to a tree,for some other subordinate parts can only be constructed on the basis of the 'trunk'——the dominant part made up of subject and predicate. One the contrary,a Chinese sentences,having no clear deciding line between the dominant and the subordinate parts,consists of 'dun's and usually looks like a bamboo shoot which grows upward through many joints. Because of such a fundamental difference between the two syntactic structures,Chinese and western people tend to transmit the same idea by far different means. Therefore,in doing English-Chinese or Chinese-English translation,it is very necessary to transform the syntactic structure of the original language so as to make the translation work more fluent and coherent.