土壤中钒的环境地球化学研究现状

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY RESEARCH PROGRESSOF VANADIUM IN SOIL

钒是人体必需的微量元素,但过量又会给动植物带来危害。在这里综述了钒的化学性质及其在自然界的分布、土壤中钒的分布规律、化学结合形态及生物地球化学效应,并介绍了土壤中钒的分析方法。在自然界,钒主要分布在基性、超基性岩浆岩和硅质岩、泥岩等沉积岩及土壤中,并且土壤中钒的含量与全铁含量密切相关。钒的分析方法主要是光度法,而电化学分析法是钒的高灵敏度的分析方法。钒的化学结合形态有多种,但只有以可溶态和可置换态形式存在的钒才具有生物可给性。过量钒可导致人体多个器官的癌症疾病等;但低钒会导致心脏、血压、骨骼和味觉的病变。

The paper reviews chemical properties of vanadium and its distribution in nature, distributional regularities and its chemical combining speciations and biogeochemical significance, and introduced analytical methods of vanadium in soil briefly. Although Vanadium is essential to human, it is toxic to animals and plants if it is received too much. In nature, it mainly lies in the magmatic rocks of basic rocks and ultrabasic rocks and the sedimentary rocks such as mudstones and silicalite and soils. Moreover, its content in soil has close relation with the total content of iron. Its regular analysis is performed by spectrometry method, though it is higher sensitivity to electrochemical method. Although vanadium in soils has several speciations, the soluble and the replaceable statuses are of bio-availability. Furthermore, excess vanadium will cause cancer in several organs or other disease, while inadequate vanadium may lead to other disorders of blood pressure, heart, bone and taste.