修复书院 振兴理学——朱熹与白鹿洞书院

Reconditioning the Academy and Developing the Neo-Confucianism——ZHU Xi and the Bailudong Academy

朱熹是南宋著名的思想家、教育家。他的学说为后世所宗,在国外也产生了一定影响,是一位享有世界声誉的学者。他对南宋和后世书院的贡献,主要是通过兴复白鹿洞书院,为书院确定方针、建立制度、置田建屋、延聘名师、充实图书,并亲自参加教学工作,和学生一起质疑问难,不仅为南宋书院的发展奠定了基础、树立了榜样,为其后历代书院所遵循,甚至对封建社会教育的发展有着重要的影响。同时,朱熹将理学引进书院,书院弘扬理学,理学家自己办学,弟子又办学,书院以扩大理学为范,在理学的指导下,发展更快,其他书院亦效仿之,从而推动全国书院发展起来。

ZHU Xi was the famous ideologist and educator in the South Song Dynasty.The latter inherit and advocate his theory that also had a great influence abroad.He was a scholar who has the worldwide reputation.What he had devoted to the South Song Dynasty and the latter academies was rebuilding the Bailudong Academy,making the institutions of the academy,purchasing lands,building houses,employing famous teachers,enriching books,taking part in teaching activities,and querying and talking during the teaching together with students.All that he did established the foundation and models for the academies developing in the South Song Dynasty.The principles were abided by the thenceforth academies and affected the development of the whole education in the feudalistic society.Moreover,ZHU Xi took the Neo-Confucianism into the academy,then the academy developed Neo-Confucianism.The rationlist run a school and his students followed him.The academy developed more rapidly under the direction of Neo-Confucianism.The other academies followed the lead of the Bailudong Academy which was generalized in the country on the base of Jiangxi province.