形式美学之文本调查——以《美食家》为例

TEXT RESEARCH ON FORMAL AESTHETICS——WITH FINE-FOOD EATER AS EXAMPLE

“美食家”一词源自陆文夫的同名小说 ,是从外国语中移植过来的 ,现已成为正规汉语的常用词。这一事实不仅肯定了《美食家》的首发之功 ,而且意味着《美食家》的成功在很大程度上得益于这一陌生语词的使用。由此观之 ,《美食家》的真实意蕴很可能就浸润在它所使用的这类语词中。于是 ,通过对小说词频形式的分析 ,可以发现隐含在小说文本背后的意义以及作家通过叙说者“我”所泄露出来的潜意识。这表明 :对于同一部作品 ,传统主题学和思想史式的文学评论只能描述作品的一般特性和表层意义 ,采用形式美学的方法才能发现它的深层意蕴。

The Chinese word '美食家'(fine food eater) originated from the title of a novel written by Lu Wen fu. It was transplanted from foreign language and has already become a regular Chinese word. Such fact not only approves the initiative of using the word by the novel '美食家', but also means that the success of the novel attributes greatly to the use of the word. From this point of view, the meaning and implication of the novel may be contained in the use of such new words. Therefore the article comes to the conclusion that we can discover the background meaning of a text and the subconsciousness of the narrator 'I' revealed by writers. The traditional method of theme analysis and meditation analysis can only reveal the common and superficial meaning of a text while the method of formal aesthetics can explore the deep meaning of a text.