试析美国现实主义的规范立场

The Normative Commitment of American Realism in International Politics

美国国际政治理论中的现实主义学派自认为第一次建立了作为“科学”的国际政治理论 ,因此 ,其主要代表人物强调自己是关于纯粹客观事实的描述、解释和预测 ,回避承认自己持有任何特定的规范性立场。本文认为作为社会科学的国际政治理论 ,不可能、也没有必要回避规范立场 ,并进而分析了现实主义国际政治理论背后的两种价值取向 :“前道德的工具理性”和“低度道德的务实努力”。

American scholars of the realist school in international politics tend to believe that they have made their theory a“science”by freeing themselves from normative commitments. However, this essay contends that realism does not abandon normative elements, because international political theory as a social science is neither likely nor necessary to avoid a normative position. The essay further identifies two types of value orientation behind the realist international political theory: pre-moral instrumental rationality and a low-degree of practical moral pursuits.