高尔夫球场不同功能区草地优势种蛴螬种群生态位分析

Niches of dominant grub populations in different athletic areas of golf course

研究了亚热带高尔夫球场不同功能区优势种蛴螬种群空间分布及时间和空间的生态位 .结果表明 ,球场 4种优势种草地蛴螬时间生态位宽度几乎均在 0 9以上 (除果岭Ⅲ区及Ⅳ区个别蛴螬种外 ) ,其中短草高地和果岭Ⅰ、Ⅱ区中 4种蛴螬时间生态位宽度均最大 ,长草高地和果岭Ⅳ区的时间生态位宽度则最低 .除浅棕鳃金龟垂直空间生态位宽度在球道 4区均达 0 8以上外 ,其它种蛴螬在球场各区普遍偏低(0 2～ 0 7) .在球道和果岭 4区中 ,4种蛴螬种对时间生态位相似性指数均高达 0 8以上 ,垂直空间生态位相似性指数大多数蛴螬种对在 0 1～ 0 6之间 ,球道以铜绿丽金龟与大绿金龟种对为最高 (0 8以上 ) ,果岭则是铜绿丽金龟与大绿金龟、华南大黑鳃金龟与浅棕鳃金龟种对为最高 (0 8以上 ) .垂直空间分布上 ,球道和果岭各区中 4种蛴螬主要活动于食源最为丰富的上、中层土壤空间 (0～ 5和 5～ 10cm) ,少数出现于球道部分区 10～ 15cm土层中活动和取食 ,4种蛴螬几乎不在果岭 10～ 15cm土层中活动和取食 .

The study on the temporal niche,spatial niche and spatial distribution of dominant grub populations in different athletic areas of golf courses in subtropics showed that except the lower temporal niche breadths of individual grubs in greens Ⅲ and Ⅳ,the dominant grub populations in 4 areas of fairways and greens all had a >0.9 temporal niche breadth.The temporal niche breadth of 4 grub species in fairway highland and greensⅠandⅡ was the highest,and that in rough highland and green Ⅳ was the lowest.For the grub species except Holotrichi-avata,the one-sided low vertical spatial niche breadth was 0.2～0.7.The temporal niche overlap in fairways and greens of 4 grub species was above 0.8,and the spatial niche overlap of great majority grub species was about 0.1～0.6.The spatial niche overlap between Anomala corpulenta and Anomala cupripes in fairways was the highest (>0.8),and that between Anomala corpulenta and Anomala cupripes and between Holotrichi asauteri and Holotrichi-avata in greens was the highest (>0.8).4 grub species in fairways and greens mainly activated in 0～5 and 5～10 cm soil layers,a few grubs in 10～15 cm soil layer of fairway,and 4 grub species almost could not activate and feed in 10～15 cm soil layer of green.