农业生态系统健康的基本内涵及其评价指标

A discussion on basic content and evaluation index system of agroecosystem health

农业生态系统健康在国际上日益受到关注 ,并成为农业生态学研究的热点和前沿领域之一 .农业生态系统健康是食物安全和人类健康的基础 .农业生态系统健康是指具有良好的生态环境、健康的农业生物、合理的时空结构、清洁的生产方式 ,以及具有适度的生物多样性和持续农业生产力的一种系统状态和动态过程 .农业生态系统是一类典型的人工 自然复合生态系统 ,其健康状况在很大程度上受人类活动的调控与影响 ,并往往以农产品品质、食物安全和生物安全为标准 .农业生态系统健康可采用生物学、环境学、生态经济学几个方面的指标 ,进行综合评价 .其评价方法可采用综合指数法、生态毒理学方法、生态风险评估方法等 .

Agroecosystem health is the fundament of food security and human health,and becoming one of the hot spots and frontier fields in agricultural ecology study with more and more international concerns,which can be interpreted as a sustainable state and a dynamic process involving good eco-environment,healthy agricultural organisms,rational spatial and temporal structure,clean production pattern,optimal biodiversity and high productivity.Agroecosystem is a kind of typical artificial and natural compound ecosystem.Its health is strongly influenced and controlled by human activities,and usually linked with agro-products quality,food security and biological security.A series of indices including biological,environmental and eco-economic indicators could be integrated to assess the situation and level of agroecosystem health,and some methods including comprehensive index assessment,eco-toxicological assessment and ecological risk assessment could be used for the evaluation of agroecosystem health.