20世纪90年代以来当代中国农村宗族问题研究管窥

The Review of Chinese Contemporary Rural Clan Study Since 1990s

本文就当代宗族复兴的原因、宗族由传统向现代变迁、宗族与农村民主政治的关系、宗族与社会经济和宗族与现代化的宏观思考等五个方面的问题 ,对学术界 2 0世纪 90年代以来当代农村宗族研究的现状进行了较系统的回顾和梳理 ,进而对研究中存在的某些误区和有待进一步深入研究的问题作了简要的探讨。我们认为 :当代农村宗族的研究 ,既有实证研究的不足 ,也有多视野、多角度综合研究的缺乏 ,更有漠视处于特定生存环境下的农民政治经济利益诉求的问题 ;研究要继续深入与取得新突破 ,我们应摒弃自我文化优越意识为特征的贵族思维 ,克服“封建宗族论”和农民政治意识落后论等思维惯性 ,正视城乡社会生存方式与社会利益的多元选择 ;把农村宗族的研究和它的利益主体农民紧密相连而不是割裂 。

The article has a review and combing on the study of five main aspects of Chinese contemporary rural clan since 1990s including the causes of the revival of contemporary rural clans, the change of rural clan from tradition to modern, the relationship between rural clans and rural modern democracy, the interaction between clan and social economy, and the macro argument, the relationship between rural clans and Chinese modernization.And then some discussions have been made on the shortage of research or aspects without deepening.Based on the review, the author points out that, not only does the study of Chinese contemporary rural clan exists both the shortage of the positive research and the deficiency of multi scopes and multi angles, but also has the problem of ignoring the rights in politics as well as economy of peasants in special survival circumstances.And we argue that, if the research is to be deepen in further steps and breakthroughs are to be achieved, something must be done: to reject the noble like thinking characterized by the sense of ego superiority of self culture; to get the better of the thinking habit such as the argument of feudal clan, the argument of backward politic ideology of the peasantry;to relate rural clans to the peasantry, their subject of benefits instead of splitting them, and regard the multi choices of ways of the existence and social benefits of rural society as well as urban society, thus to overcome the static vision on looking at the rural clan.