2Mukarovsky, Jan. The Esthetics of Language [A]. In Paul L. Gauvin(ed) . A Prague School Reader on Esthetics, Literary Structure, and Style[C]. Washington: Georgetown University Press, 1964.
3陈焜.西方现代派文学研究[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1981.
4霍克斯.结构主义和符号学[M].上海:上海译文出版社,1987..
5胡经之.西方文艺理论名著教程(下)[M].北京:北京大学出版社,1988.
6茨维坦·托多罗夫.俄苏形式主义文论选[C].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1989.
7易丹.从存在到毁灭[M].石家庄:花山文艺出版社,1989:45.
8亚里士多德.修辞学:第三卷[M]//西方文论选上卷.上海:上海译文出版社,1979:90.
9Mukarovsky, Jan. The Esthetics of Language [A]. In Paul L. Gauvin(ed). A Prague School Reader on Es theties, Literary Structure, and Style[C]. Washington : Georgetown University Press, 1964 : 35.