论“三不朽”说对张岱及其史著的影响

Impact of Ideology of “Three Eternities” on Zhang Dai & His Historical Books

明清易代之际的大学者张岱 ,一生以气节自重。他避居深山 ,以著史寄托故国之思 ,实现经世抱负。其史学著作在选取人物时 ,推重德行 ,不以成败论英雄 ,甘为小人物立传 ,并本着“事必求真”的原则 ,力纠“为尊者讳”之偏失。张岱的行为操守及史著修撰是对“三不朽”

Zhang Dai has pursued moral principles all his life by withdrawing from the society and writing historical books in order to realize his dream of practically serving the society. While judging whether a historical figure should be included in his historical book for elaboration, Zhang mainly considered his virtue instead of whether or not the figure had brilliant heroic records. He forcefully corrected the previous practice of singing praises simply for the emperors or other social elite while intentionally avoiding talking about their mistakes. Zhang’s moral principles and his historical books were both perfect manifestation of the ideology of “three eternities”.