华南双季超级稻分蘖盛期理想形态性状研究

Studies on the Morphological Characteristics of South China Double Cropping Super Rice at the Active Tillering Stage

对华南稻区最新育成的超级杂交稻组合粤杂122、丰优428、泗优998、培杂67和超级常规稻品种广超3号、胜泰1号分蘖盛期早、晚不同季节的形态性状进行了研究。利用方差、通径、判别函数分析等统计方法,确定了华南双季超级稻分蘖盛期的理想形态性状量化指标,即,植株高度:早季55～60cm、晚季60～76cm;每蔸茎蘖数:早季15条左右、晚季14～19条;顶下1叶长:早季40～44cm、晚季42～60cm;顶下1叶宽:早季1.2～1.4cm、晚季1.2～1.3cm;顶下2叶长:早季39～44cm、晚季37～43cm;顶下2叶宽:早季1.1～1.4cm、晚季1.1cm左右;顶叶开张角:早季22～58°、晚季4～12°。并在此基础上提出了华南双季超级稻“动态株型结构”育种的新概念。

The morphological characteristics of the newly released super hybrid rice in South China, Yueza122, Fengyou428, Peiza67, and super conventional varieties, Guangchao 3, Shengtai 1 at the active tillering stage in both early and latecrops were investigated. Using the analysis of variance and other statistic methods, the ideal morphological characteristicsof South China double cropping super-rice at the active tillering stage were determined. The ideal plant height is 55-60 cmfor the early crop and 60-76 cm for the late crop. The ideal tiller number per plant is about 15 tillers for the early crop and 14-19 tillers for the late crop. The ideal length of the first leaf under the top leaf is 40-44 cm for the early crop and 42-60 cm forthe late crop. The ideal width of the first leaf under the top leaf is 1.2-1.4 cm for the early crop and 1.2-1.3 cm for the latecrop. The ideal length of the second leaf under the top leaf is 39-44 cm for the early crop and 37-43 cm for the late crop. Theideal width of the second leaf under the top leaf is 1.1-1.4 cm for the early crop and about 1.1 cm for the late crop. The idealtop leaf angle at the active tillering stage is 22-58 for the early crop and 4-12 for the late crop. Based on these results, anew concept of dynamic plant type structure for South China double cropping super rice breeding was suggested.