西北地区水资源与生态环境问题及其形成机制分析

Some problems about water resources and ecological environment in Northwest China and their cause

西北地区水资源与生态环境问题多样且严重,主要表现在:水资源贫乏,时空分布不均;用水效率低与过度利用并存;河湖萎缩;水土流失严重;土地荒漠化加剧;草地退化严重;水污染日益突出等。较深入地分析了存在的各种问题,并探讨了其形成机制。问题的本质是经济用水挤占生态用水,因而最终导致了人地关系的失调,其驱动力是人口迅速增长造成对脆弱的水资源系统的压力剧增,从而形成人类驱动下,水-经济-生态的时空耦合及恶性循环机制,导致了西北地区水资源及生态环境问题的产生。

There are many serious problems of water resources and ecological environment in Northwest China as follows: water resources are poor and not well-distributed in time and space; the phenomenon of lower usage factor and excessive use of water resources exist in the same time; the river and lake is shrunk; soil erosion is serious; land desertification is strengthened; the degradation of meadow land is aggravated; the problem of water pollution is more serious day by day etc. This paper analyzed deeply these problems and their essence and causing mechanism. The essence of the matter is that the relationship of human and land is not harmonious which resulted from the occupation of water used in ecological environment by that used in economical development. The driving power is the increase of the pressure on the vulnerable water resources system caused by excessive development of population. Then the coupling mechanism of time-space and a vicious circle mechanism of water-economy-ecology is formed under human driving power and which resulted in the occurrence of problems of water resources and ecological environment in Northwest China.