中国救灾物资代储点优化布局研究

Study on optimized distribution of storage spot of disaster relief materials in China

优化国家救灾物资代储点布局的目标是要提高我国的自然灾害应急响应能力和救灾时效性。构建了自然灾害发生过程中交通应急响应能力的评价指标和模型,包括陆地综合通行能力指数、空运通达时间和陆地交通通达时间,编制了相应的数字地图。结果表明:全国陆地交通综合通行能力在地域上是不平衡的,东南地区远远大于西北地区,其中以环渤海、长三角、珠三角地区最大;从通达时间来看,要以现有的10个代储点为中心来覆盖全国,空运至少需要7h,陆地交通运输至少需要48h,这使得许多地区的交通应急响应能力因运输时间过长而降低。最后,提出了国家救灾物资代储点的优化布局方案,建议新增6个代储点,以此实现灾中空运3h,全国各地均可送达救灾物资;陆运6h,全国近90%的地区可送达救灾物资。

The target of optimizing distribution of national storage spot of disaster relief material is to improve the (ability) of emergency response and the relief efficiency in a certain time. This paper establishes model and indices appraising ability of emergency response of traffic during the natural disaster, including synthetical passing ability of land traffic and arriving time of air transpot and land transpotation. The result indicates that the synthetical ability of land traffic shows obvious differences between eastern and western China; taking the existing 10 national storage spots of disaster relief materials as spots, the arriving at destinations corving whole country demand at least 7 hours by air and 48 hours by land , and this makes the ability of emergency response of much areas decrease. In the end, this paper puts forward a scheme of optimized distribution of national storage center of disaster relief materials, advises increasing 6 new storage spots to realize that the disaster relief materials arrive at destinations covering whole country in 3 hours by air transpot and at 90% of these destinations in 6 hours by land transportation.