糯小麦品种(系)农艺性状的配合力分析

Combining Ability Analysis of Agronomic Characters in Waxy Wheat

以5个糯小麦品系为母本,7个推广品种为父本,采用p×q杂交设计,研究了株高、主穗长、总小穗数、结实小穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重、单穗粒重和单株粒重8个农艺性状的配合力。结果表明:同一性状不同亲本的一般配合力效应值和不同组合间的特殊配合力存在明显差异,8个农艺性状由加性基因和非加性基因共同作用,但除结实小穗数外,其他7个农艺性状均以加性效应为主;糯小麦品系宁W0065的植株矮化和千粒重的一般配合力最好,TH具有增加穗粒数和提高单穗粒重的作用;杂交组合H9908×扬麦158、H9908×苏麦6号和宁W0065×豫麦50表现株高适中、结实小穗数与每穗粒数多以及粒重高等特点。

The combining ability of eight agronomic characters including plant height,length of main spike,number of spikelets,fertile spikelets,kernels and kernel weight per spike,1 000-grain weight,and grain weight per plant was analyzed in p×q design involving five waxy wheat lines(H9908,EH,TH,Ning W0065 and Ning W0066)as female parent and seven commercial cultivars(Yangmai 158,Sumai 6,Ningmai 8,Ningmai 9,Jinan 17,Yumai 50 and Zhongyou 16)as male one.The results showed that the general combining ability(GCA) effects of different parents for the same characters and the specific combining ability(SCA) effects of different crosses were all remarkably different.The inheritance of eight characters was controlled by both additive genes and non-additive genes,and the additive effect was predominant.Ning W0065,an improved waxy line,had the best GCA in plant height and 1 000-grain weight among 12 parents.TH,an introduced waxy line,was considered to be an ideal parent for increasing kernel numbers per spike and grain weight per plant.The three crosses of H9908×Yangmai 158,H9908×Sumai 6 and Ning W0065×Yumai 50 were characterized as moderate plant height,more fertile spikelets and kernel numbers per spike and higher grain weight.