同位素技术在寒旱区水科学中的应用进展

Advance on Application of Isotopic Techniques in Water Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions

近20a来,同位素技术作为一种新技术在寒区旱区水科学研究中得到越来越广泛的应用.中国学者在大气降水稳定同位素,干旱区地下水起源,盐湖中氯、硼、锂等同位素的应用研究中取得了较大进展,在寒区旱区同位素剖面的建立和古地理、古环境演化信息的提取上得到了一系列重要的成果,还对蒸发过程的同位素分馏理论进行了探索和发展.随着科技的发展和同位素应用水平的提高,同位素技术还将在寒区旱区水科学中取得更大进展.

Study of the water sciences in the cold and arid regions using traditional methods, because of the particularity in geography and complexity in geological environment, faces more difficulty, such as large area, hard working condition and poor previous research. Isotopic techniques, which have been used in water sciences since the 1950s in the world, were firstly used in China in the end of the 1970s. As a kind of new method, they have been widely used in cold and arid regions since the 1980s. In the last 20 years, many advances have been achieved in study of cold and arid regions in China. They mainly include: 1) stable isotopes studies in precipitation, especially in cold regions such as the Tibetan Plateau; 2) some new understanding of original of ground water in arid regions; 3) new isotopes, such as chlorine, boron and lithium, are used in the research of salt lakes; 4) many isotopic sections such as ice cores in cold regions and water bodies in arid regions have been established and many useful ancient geological and environmental information have been picked up from those sections; 5) isotopic fractionation theories in evaporation are studied and advanced. Along with the development of science and technology and with the improvement of isotope measurement levels, isotopic techniques will be used in a wider field in water sciences in cold and arid regions and will be achieved more advance.