中国北方特强沙尘暴的天气系统分型研究

A Study on Weather Types of Super Severe Dust Storms in North China

使用中国中央气象台出版的历史天气图资料,对1957—1996年和2001—2002年间发生在我国北方的33次特强沙尘暴过程的天气系统进行了分析研究,重点归纳了形成各次沙尘暴过程的天气系统的热力和动力结构、活动特征及高低层系统的相互配置。在此基础上,以触发沙尘暴强风的主要地面天气系统为主要依据,将形成我国北方特强沙尘暴的天气系统,划分成纯冷锋型、蒙古气旋与冷锋混合型、蒙古冷高压型和干飑线与冷锋混合型4种类型。研究了各类型天气系统在沙尘暴强风形成中的作用、各类型强风的特点及沙尘暴天气的时空分布特征,给出了各类型特强沙尘暴的天气学概念模型。

By using the historical weather charts during the period of 1957_1996 and 2001_2002 from the Central Meteorological Observatory, China, the weather types of super severe dust storms were studied. The super severe dust storms included 33 processes occurred in North China. The study focused on their thermal and dynamical factors, activity characteristics, and the collocation of weather systems between higher and lower tropospheres. Then, according to the surface weather systems the weather types of super severe dust storms were divided into four types, namely, pure cold front, Mongolia cyclone and cold front, Mongonlia high and cold front and dry squall line. The study also analyzed the spatial and temporaldistributions of the characteristic of strong surface wind and the relationship between the strong surface wind and the weather types in these processes. Then, the paper gives the synoptic conception model of these weather types of super severe dust storm process.