理性的假设:主、客体关系

On Rational Hypothesis: the Relation of Subject-Object

不同理性包含不同的主客体关系假设。工具理性的假设是主客二元对立 ,它赋予工具理性能有效地操作客体 ,但工具理性却导致了人与人关系的疏离。儒家理性的假设是主客合一 ,但它使人在面对客体的约束时无能为力。交往理性的假设是通过真诚的交往在自我与他人关系上达成共主体关系。它能克服工具理性造成的人与人的疏离状态 ;但这种借助语言的交往无法在人与自然之间进行 ,要建立人和自然的和谐关系有待于理性的进一步发展。

Different rationalities include different subject-object relation hypothesis. The instrumental-rationality opposition is subject-object dichotomy opposition. It bestows effective operation object on the instrumental-rationality. But instrumental-rationality results in men alienation.The hypothesis of the Confucian rationality is subject-object unity, but the Confucian rationality renders man incapable in face of the restraint of the object. The hypothesis of communicative rationality is to arrive at co-subject relation through sincere contact and association in the relation between oneself and others.It can get over man alienation resulted by instrumental-rationality.But the communication cannot take place between men and the nature,so the rationality development is necessary to establish a harmonious relation between men and nature.