新南方起源时期美国南方城市的发展和城市生活的变迁

Urban Life in American South during the Original Period of the New South

新南方起源时期南方城市有显著发展 ,数量明显增加并初步完成城市功能的转换和城市设施的更新 ,为以后新南方综合性大都市的出现打下基础。但与同时期的北方城市相比 ,南方城市规模小 ,对农作物 ,工业原料和铁路的依赖严重 ,乡土气息浓厚。城市社会形态特征表现为种族隔离加剧 ,城市成为种族冲突的温床 ,一个自主自立的黑人社区形成 ;新老城市社会氛围差异大 ,老城市的相对静态与新兴城市的动态形成鲜明对照 ,南方社会重心不仅从农村移到城市 ,而且从老城市移到新兴城市。

Compared with the south of 1 860 or 1 870 ,the cities in American south had developed rapidly during the original period of the new south,the number of cities increased,the function of cities were transformed and the facilities of cities were renewed preliminarily.Butcompared with the north,the cities in American south appeared smaller in size,depended heavily on crops,raw materials and their connections with railroads,moreover,life in southern cities in this period re- mained tied to agricultural cycles.There were two characteristics of the southern urban society,one is“the southern cities formed the hotbed for the developmentof the south’s rigid caste system”.The other is“there were greatdiffer- ences between the old cities and the new cities”