作物雄性不育遗传的核质关系浅析

Preliminary Analysis on the Nucleo-cytoplasmic Relationship of Male Sterility in Crops

不同授粉方式的作物其育性基因型的整体分布不同是选育不育系不同途径的主要原因:白花授粉作物的自交导致基因同质化。其育性核基因型和胞质基因型演化成各种异质性的群体;异花授粉作物是互交、杂结合的群体。具有育性核基因复杂性和胞质基因多样性。提出细胞核、细胞质多育性基因基础上的核质互作雄性不育假说,试述了各种不同来源雄性不育的遗传模式。认为自花授粉作物的突变型雄性核不育可能在不同育性基因型群体中寻找相应的可育胞质基因而获得保持系。

The aproaches of breeding for male-sterile lines in crops depend on the ways of pollination,that is mainly due to the diversity of the fertility genotypes in the population.Self fertilization of self-pollinated crops results in the homogeneity of genes,but the nucleo-genotypes and cytoplasmic genotypes develop respectively into different heterogenous populations.Populations of cross-pollinated crops are mutual cros- sed and heterogenous,and are complex in fertility nucleo-genes and diverse in cytoplasmic genes,Hypothesis on the male sterility of nucleo-cytoplasmic interactions has been put forward.(1)There are multiple genes governing fertility in nuclei and cytoplasms,respectively,and form various specific fertility genotypes.There is only one genotype in a population,but different and separated outside the population.(2)Nuclear genes and cytoplasmic genes correspond with each other and take effects together on the inheritance and the ex- pression of fertility.(3)Plants are normal fertile when either nucleo-sites or cytoplasmic-sites(or both of them)are fertile genes.(4)Plants are sterile when both of nucleus and cytoplasm are simultaneously sterile genes in one or more sites.It is suggested that genic male sterility and cms was the different aspect of nucleo cytoplasmic interacted male sterility.And its nature was that nucleus and cytoplasm sterilized simultaneously. The genie male sterility may be maintained by finding the corresponding cytoplasmic genes in populations of different fertility genotypes.