香蕉束顶病的研究 Ⅰ.病害的发生、流行与分布

Studies on Banana Bunchy Top Ⅰ. Incidence, Epidemics and Distribution of the Disease in Fujian

香蕉束顶病广泛分布于福建省漳州、厦门、泉州、莆田、福州及龙岩等地(市)所辖的大部分县(市)的香蕉产区,达23个县(市、区)之多,分布北界已达福州,且有继续向西、向北推移之势。发病率因地区、年份不同以及是否采取防治措施等而有差异,从零星发病至30％—50％不等,严重者达70％-80％,甚至不得不毁园再植或改种其它作物。该病发生一般以4～6月份最烈,系发病高峰期。病害发生的轻重与品种类型、蕉苗质量、种植年限、生育龄期、蕉蚜数量、栽培管理措施、气候、土壤和地理位置等均有关系。大量种植带病蕉苗是病区迅速扩展的直接原因;介体蕉蚜活动猖獗和管理粗放是病害严重发生和流行的主导因素。

Banana bunchy top has been known to distribute in the areas bordering north at Fuzhou, which included 23 counties (cities) administered by Zhangzhou, Xiamen, Qianzhou, Putian, Fuzhou and Longyuan cities, Fujian, China. The disease incidence in different plantations varied from a very low rate to 30%-50%, or 70%-80% and even more severely, in which other crops had to be grown or banana replanted. An obvious peak of the disease incidence was found in situ from April to June annually, but some occasionally in the other months of the year in the field abandoned or cultivated carelessly. The disease incidence varied with banana eultivar groups, ratoon periods, growth stages, seedlings with or without infection, cultivation practices, ecological conditions such as soils, geological locations and climates and vector aphid population. That infected planting materials were grown in new banana growing areas was chiefly responsible for the rapid expansion of disease dispersal. Careless cultivation practice and vector infestation led to the epidemics of the disease.