2参见Olga Crisp,Studies in the Russia Economy before 1914,London:Macmillan,1976.
3参见W.E. Mosse,An Economic History of Russia 1856-1914,L.B.Taurs Publishers,1992.关于1861年后俄国改革政策难以贯彻的经济学原因,连同下文要提及的斯托雷平改革失败原因,是该书关心的论题之一.
4在西方学者看来,俄国经济管理上是取消失业制度的,然而失业却隐性地存在着,但失业与果戈理的《死魂灵》所叙述的现象正好在形式上构成反差,而失业实质上是背离了"家园"传统.参见Structural Adjustment without Mass Unemployment,Lessons from Russia(ed.by Simon Clarke),New York:Edward Elga-1998.
5例如,亚当·斯密和马克思所倡导或反对的资本主义经济模式在俄罗斯运行的结果都是非常糟糕的,这种严重地域化现象产生的症结何在是近年来西方学界关心的问题.参见Esther Кingston-Mann,In search of the True West:Culture,Economy and Problems of Russian Development,Princeton University Press,1999.
6参见Sergei Bulgakov,Philosophy of Economy.the World as Household(tr.and ed.with introduction by Cathern Evtuhow),Yale University Press,2000.
9事实上,西方认为当代俄国经济困难并不完全根源于经济本身、政治动荡的现实,而是与不利于推行市场经济的历史性因素相关. 参见 Adam Zwass,From Failed Communism to Underdeveloped capitalism,New York:Sharpe,1995;James Bater,Russis and the Post-Soviet Scence:A Geographical Perspective,New York:Arnold, 1996;A.Ulyukoev, Reforming the Russian economy1991-1995,London:Center for Research in the Post-communist Economy,1996.
