法律经济学的理论基础

作为 2 0世纪后半个世纪法学最重要发展的法律经济学 ,渊源于制度经济学。法律制度能够引起经济学研究高度重视的关键就在于人类经济发展的历史充分证明 ,对经济增长起决定作用的是制度性因素而非技术性因素。从凡勃伦传统到康芒斯的交易概念 ,再到科斯的交易成本和科斯定理 ,法律经济学奠定了雄厚的理论基础。康芒斯把经济关系的本质归结为所有权转移的交易 ,是经济学发展史上的一个重要转变。科斯的交易成本理论架起了制度和交易成本、新古典理论和法律经济学之间的桥梁。科斯定理提供了根据效率原理理解法律制度的一把钥匙 ,也为朝着实现效率最大化的方向改革法律制度提供了理论依据。

As one of the most important developments in the field of legal science in the second half of the 20th century, legal economics originated from institutional economics. The key reason for the great importance attached by economists to the legal system is that the history of economic development has clearly demonstrated that it is the institutional factors, rather than technological factors, that determine economic growth. The Kurce theory of transaction and cost has bridged the system with transaction, and neo classical economic theory with economics of law. It has also provided us with a key to understanding legal system according to the principle of efficiency as well as theoretical basis for the reform of the legal system towards the direction of maximization of efficiency.