话语和话语情景——《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》的话语层次

Discourse and Discourse Situations—Discourse Levels in A Rose for Emily

Booth认为在实际读者和文本之间有隐含读者,在文本和实际作者之间有隐含作者。Leech和Short认为小说中有四个层层嵌入的话语层次起作用:作者和读者,隐含作者和隐含读者,叙述者和对话者,以及角色和角色之间的话语层次。福克纳在短篇小说《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》中自由灵活利用四个话语层次,对读者进行告知和引导,实现了Leech和Short提出的观点:作者不仅要告知读者一个特定的小说或故事,与读者建立"亲近"的关系,也要树立作者本人的观点,让小说的内容得到正确的理解。

Booth holds that there is an implied reader between the actual reader and the text, and an implied author between the text and the actual author. Leech and Short maintain that there is assumed 'communication' between implied authors and implied readers, between the authors and narrators, between narrators and characters and between characters and characters. By examining A Rose for Emily  as discourses between the author and the reader, this paper explores how Faulkner takes on the role of guide, presenter and interpreter to build the rapprochement between readers, establish his own point of view and help readers achieve a correct understanding of this story.