硬汉精神的批判——海明威硬汉小说的价值定位与审美建构

Criticism of the Tough Guy Spirit—The Value Evaluation and Aesthetic Construction of the Tough Guy Novels by Ernest Hemingway

海明威在其作品中塑造了一系列"硬汉子"式的英雄人物,他们孤独而坚强,执著但虚无,他们用强力维护的荣誉、信念、理想,都不得不经受死亡的洗礼,并由此获得升华。在主体失落,丧失自我的"异化"时代,具有自觉批判意识的个体,决定开辟独立、自由发展的空间,但最终仍难以逃脱西西弗斯式的悲剧命运,硬汉子们的拼搏、奋进精神也只不过是面对悲惨命运时的一种悲剧精神罢了。

Ernest Hemingway created a series of 'tough guy' type heroic characters. They are lonely but dauntless; inflexible but void. All their reputation, faith and ideal safeguarded by their strong power had to undergo the test of death and hence got sublimed. In the dissimilation era where the loss of subject and selfhood took place, the tough guys finally failed to escape the Sisyphus-type tragic fate though such individuals of voluntary criticism consciousness decided to explore the space for their free and independent development. The struggling and endeavoring spirit of the tough guys is nothing but the tragic spirit in face of their miserable destiny.