小麦条锈病流行小种对小麦新品系产量的影响

Effects of prevail wheat stripe rust races on yield of new wheat cultivars

研究了小麦条锈病流行小种条中30、31、32对不同小麦品种(系)的影响。结果表明:目前小麦条锈病流行小种因品种(系)不同可平均减产1206 kg/hm^2,减幅15.1%,最大减产3076.50kg/hm^2,减幅45.9%;千粒重平均下降5.52g,降幅14%,最大下降14.0g,降幅40%;穗粒数的差异较小,平均下降0.01粒,降幅0.13%。相关分析表明,条锈病的反应型和严重度是影响小麦产量和千粒重的主要因素,相关系数均达极显著水平;普遍率也具有一定的影响,但未达到显著水平。根据减产程度将材料分为三种类型,即按接种与药剂防治的差异分为极显著、显著和不显著。我们认为:小麦条锈病对产量影响较大,生产中应注意利用接种与药剂防治差异不显著的抗锈材料;在缺乏抗锈材料的地区,如果材料不抗条锈病,但产量等其他性状突出,则可以考虑采用药剂防治。

The effect of prevail wheat stripe rust races(Race 30,31 and 32)on yield of newwheat eultivars were researched.The results showed that the prevail wheat stripe rust racescaused reduction of yield in different degrees.The average of yield reduction was 1206 kg/hm^2and lowed by 15.1%.The max reduction of yield was 3076.50 kg/hm^2 and lowed by45.9%.A decline of the average 1000-kernel weight was 5.52g and lowed by 14.0%.Themax reduction of 1000-kernel weight was 14.0 and lowed by 40.0%.The difference of thekernel number per spike was less.The reduction of average kernels per spike was 0.01 andlowed by 0.13%.The reaction type and severity were the primary effect factors on wheat yieldand 1000-kernel weight,their concerned coefficient reached the high significant level.To somecertain extend,the universal rate also affected the wheat yield and 1000-kernel weight,but itnot reached significant level.On the basis of the reduction degree of yield,the cultivars wereclassified three types:the best significant level of the difference between inoculation and fungi-cide prevention,significant level and no-significant level.We suggested that the wheat striperust affected the output of wheat cultivars. We made use of resistant cultivars in production.Insome regions of absence resistant materials,if the cultivars were provided with good yield char-acters but no-significant level of the difference between inoculation and fungicide prevention,the disease should be prevented by using fungicides.