制度安排、社会排斥与城市常住人口的居住分异——以武汉市为例的实证研究

Institutional Arrangement, Social Exclusion and Urban Residential Segregation

在我国加速城市化进程中 ,非正式迁移的农村人口已经在城市工作、定居 ,成为城市常住人口的重要组成部分 ,并具有长期定居倾向。我国的二元社会经济结构依然存在。转型阶段的制度安排导致了劳动力市场、住宅市场、城市政治和社会文化环境等对非正式迁移的农村人口的社会排斥 ,并导致非正式迁移的农村人口边缘化 ,成为弱势群体。社会排斥通过住房表现出来 ,导致非户籍迁移人口与市民的居住分异。通过武汉市第五次人口普查资料实证研究表明 ,与市民相比 ,非正式迁移的农村人口住宅的数量少 ,质量差 ,产权情况不同 ,存在空间隔离和社会分异 ,证明了社会排斥的客观性。我国应进行与城乡统一的户籍制度相应的制度创新 ,平等对待非正式迁移的农村人口 ,将其融入市民社会 ;住房政策应在社会公平与市场效率的结合中发挥作用。

with the development of urbanization in China, the migrants without “Hukou' have been working and residing in the urban as an important part of the Urban,With a tendency to reside permanently in the urban. The existing dual socio-economic structure still engender a segregation of the residents in many fields such as housing market, labor market, social and political conditions and the migrants without Hukou are socially excluded and become underclass in the urban. The Empirical study in Wuhan by using the data from census 2000 prove the migrants from rural areas, compared with the residents with Hukou, seldom enjoy house, even they do owe their own houses, their quality usually is very poor, more importantly, the housing market and policies shows much spatial and social segregation. It is fundamental for China to have an institutional innovation to integrate the migrants equally into civic society by making a housing policy combining the market efficiency and social equality.