耕地对农民的效用考察及耕地功能分析

QUESTIONNAIRE INVESTIAGTION ON CULTIVATED LAND EFFECTIVENESS FOR FARMERS AND ANALYSIS OF ITS FUNCTION

对湖南省长沙市所辖三县一市农民的问卷调查及其统计分析结果显示 ,耕地对于农民的效用主要表现在三个方面 :社会保障、就业与直接经济收益。现行的家庭联产承包责任制体现了“成员权”而强化了耕地的社会承载功能 ,考虑到我国农村社会保障基本空白的现实及提高耕地生产效率的需要 ,现阶段我国的农地制度选择应该是 :在稳定家庭承包经营制度的基础上建立规范的农地经营权流转制度 ,并同时辅之以农村社会保障机制和社会公平机制的建立 ,减轻耕地的社会承载压力。

Questionnaire investigation on cultivated land effectiveness for farmers was carried out in three counties and one city of Changsha Prefecture, Hunan Province. According to the statistics of this investigation, it can be shown that there are three ways to express the effectiveness for farmers, with regard to cultivated land: social security, employment, and direct economic output. It should be noted that non-agricultural income has a direct influence on the above -mentioned effectiveness. The policy of contracted responsibility system, based on the household in force due to its member rights, has strengthened the social carrying function of the cultivated land. In view of the reality that there are no sound social security systems in rural areas, and that there are demands for improving the effectiveness of cultivated land, the present structure for the system of farmland in China consists of establishing a standard exchange system, concerning the power of farmland operation, based on a family contracting management system. In addition, there is an effort to attach both social security mechanisms and social parity mechanisms, in order to promote better economic results from farmland and to reduce social bearing pressures.