试论切削液的发展方向

The Discussion of the Developing Direction of Cutting Fluid

回顾了金属切削的工艺过程。切削液的主要作用是冷却和润滑 ,其效果反映在刀具的使用寿命上。影响刀具寿命的主要因素 ,是切削刀具的表面温度。水基切削液以其导热系数大、成本低 ,得到长足发展。由于环保要求日益严格 ,水基切削液的使用费由原来占生产费 1 %上升到 1 2 %～ 1 7%,水基切削液的价格优势不复存在。根据国内外的实验研究 ,切削油中加入极压剂 ,切削表面的摩擦下降 6 0 %～ 80 %;加氢基础油黏度低、闪点高、蒸发损失少 ,为油基切削液低粘化创造了必要条件。油基切削液的研究和发展有广阔前景。

The craft procedure of the cutting metal was reviewed.The main effects of the cutting fluid are cooling and lubrication,their effects embody the life of the cutting tool.The surface temperature of the cutting tool is the main factor of affecting the cutting tool life.The water cutting fluid (adding the extreme pressure agent into water) was developed enormously because of the higher traveling heat factor and lower value.Since the environment conservation demand is more and more strict,the use expense of the water cutting fluid raised 12%～17% from 1% customary production expense,it’s praise benefit hasn’t been exist. Basing on the study results at home and abroad,extreme pressure agent was added into the cutting oil,the friction of the cutting surface reduce 60%～80%;For the character of lower adhesive,higher lightning,smaller evaporation loss of the base oil of adding hydrogen,it has created necessary condition for the oil cutting fluid (adding the extreme pressure agent into oil) lower adhesive.The oil cutting fluid has the wide foreground of researching and developing.