接种麻疹疫苗后又患麻疹182例的流行病学分析

Epidemiological analysis on 182 immunized measles cases

目的 通过对郑州市 182例接种麻疹疫苗后经实验室确诊又患麻疹的流行病学分析 ,以了解麻疹疫苗的接种质量和接种效果。方法 采用麻疹病例的流行病学调查方法 ,对每例接种麻疹疫苗后又患麻疹的病例进行详细的个案调查 ,总结麻疹发病特点。结果 接种麻疹疫苗后又患麻疹的病例占总确诊病例的 2 0 % ,农村患麻疹的明显高于城市 ,麻疹发病年龄集中在 1～ 7岁 ,占 69% ;从最近一次接种麻疹疫苗起至患麻疹的时间间隔主要集中在接种后 1个月～ 7a之间 ,占 64 %。结论 接种麻疹疫苗后又患麻疹 ,这与接种质量不高 ,冷链管理不善而造成免疫失败有密切的关系 ,提示我们今后要注意开展对麻疹疫苗免疫成功率的监测工作 ,及时进行再免 ,特别是提高农村的接种质量 ,减少免疫失败 。

Objective] To know the inoculation quality and effect of MV through an epidemiological analysis on 182 immunized measles cases. [Methods] Epidemiological survey was applied to investigate each immunized measles cases and generalize the characteristics of measles invasion. [Results] The morbidity of immunized measles was 20%; the morbidity of measles in rural areas is obviously higher than that in the urban areas. 69% of the measles cases aged from 1 to 7.64% of the cases were attacked by measles 1～7 months after the last immunization. [Conclusion] The immunized measles cases indicate that the quality of inoculation and the management on cold chain should be improved in order to reduce the failure of immunization and control the morbidity of measles.