渭北旱地小麦高产问题的研究

Research on High-Yielding Cultivation of Dryland Wheat on Weibei Rainfed Highland

在连续两年雨量少于常年(500～650mm)40％的情况下,采用前作小麦、高留茬,麦收后夏闲地覆盖加小麦生长期覆盖为主的配套栽培技术,取得了陕西渭北旱地亩产小麦398.5kg的好收成,实现了渭北旱原小麦栽培技术上的突破。6年试验的实践结果以渭北小麦高产事例调查的分析论证了:在充足施肥与使用高产品种条件下,旱地亩产350～400kg的限制因素是土壤蓄积雨水量不足与有效水利用效率过低。覆盖是提高土壤蓄水量与水分利用效率的关键措施,在渭北旱原小麦高产栽培中具有广阔的应用前景。

In the case of less than 40% of normal yearly rainfall of 500～650mm inthe successive two years, the cultivation technical package of high straw of the previouswheat left, summer fallow land mulched with straw after winter wheat harvested andwheat mulching during its growing stage was adopted so that a good harvest of 398.5kgper mu of dryland wheat was obtained on the Weibei Rainfed Highland. Thus, a break-through was achieved in wheat cultivation techniques on the Weibei Rainfed Highland.It has been proved by the 6 years' experimental results and the analysis of actual exam-ples of wheat rich harvests on the Weibei Rainfed Highland that in the case of abundantfertilization and use of high-yielding wheat varieties, the constraints affecting 350-400kg of wheat yields per mu are short of rainfall water stored in soil and low use effi-ciency of available soil moisture. Accordingly, mulching is the key technical measure toimprove moisture storage in soil and available water use efficiency, holding the greatprospect in high-yielding wheat cultivation on the Weibei Rainfed Highland.