论发展节水型农业

The Development of Water-Saving Type Agriculture

中国的农业用水占社会用水70％～80％,建设节水型农业尤为重要,狭义的节水型农业是指节水型灌溉农业,即利用当代的节水工程和节水技术措施—包括灌溉工程技术、节水的农业技术及运行管理措施,对旧的灌区进行改造或建设新的灌区,以求得整体的最高用水效益。当前灌溉农业中的浪费损失严重,为此,应采用抗蒸渗或低序供输水系统,增种节水作物,改进耕作技术,加强三水(地下水、地面水、降水)管理和利用等一套综合措施,努力研究推进节水型农业。

Agricultural water use in China accounts for 70%-80% of total socialwater use. Developing water-saving type agriculture is particularly important. Water-saving type agriculture in a narrow sense refers to water-saving irrigation agriculture,that is, using modern water-saving engineerings and water-saving technical measures--including irrigation engineering measures,water-saving agrotechniques and opera-tional management practices--reforms the old irrigation systems or constructs thenew ones so as to achieve the optimal water use effects as a whole. At present, waterwastes in irrigation agriculture are very serious. For this reason, the trchnical packageincluding the evaporation and seepage proof low seepage water supply and transportingsystem, increasing planting water-saving farm crops,improving tillage techniques andstrengthening the management and utilization of three waters (i.e.surface water,subsur-face water and rainfall water)should be adopted to study and boost water-saving typeagriculture.