从长期定位试验看渭北旱塬冬小麦化肥的合理施用

Rational Application of Chemical Fertilizer To Winter Wheat Over Weibei Rainfed Highland In View of Long-Term Fixed Position Tests

根据8年田间定位试验资料,按不同降水年份,分别讨论了氮、磷、钾肥在渭北冬小麦上施用的增产效果,进而拟合出氮,磷——产量效应方程,提出了氮、磷肥的合理施用量。结果表明,无论丰水年、平水年,还是干旱年,施用化肥均有一定的增产效果,但增产效果有较大差异。同一降水年份,肥底水平越高,氮磷的合理用量越高。同一肥底上,降水越充足,化肥的合理用量越高。丰水年份,要重施氮肥少施磷肥,干旱年份,要重施磷肥少施氮肥。

Based on 8 years data of field fixed position tests and different rainfallyears,this paper discusses the effect of N,P,K fertilizers upon yield increase in winterwheat thereby to fit N,P and Yield effect equation and suggests the rational applicationof N and P fertilizers. The results indicate that no matter what kind of yields such as richrainfall years,general rainfall years and dry year may be the chemical fertilizer applica-tion has a certain kind of effects upon yield increase,but there is a great difference. Inthe years with the same rainfall,the higher the base fertilizer is,the higher the rationalapplication of N and P fertilizer is. In the same base fortilizer,the higher the rainfall is,the higher the utilization of chemical fertilizer is. In rich rainfall year,attention should bepaid to N fertilizer but less application of P fertilizer. In the dry years,attention shouldbe paid to p fertilizer but less application of N fertilizer.