试论我国农业保险发展的道路问题

On the problem of Developing Road of Agricultural Ensurance in China

我国是世界上自然灾害最严重的国家之一,开展农业保险是减轻损失的重要手段。由于农业保险的标的主要是种植作物和饲养动物,风险大,损失率高,农民的支付能力有限,制约了农业保险的发展。目前世界上有进行商业性保险和政策性保险两种模式,前者仅对高价值农作物,选择适当风险采用商业性原则保险;后者则由政府财政提供大量补贴普遍开展农业保险。我国经济正处于二元经济向一元经济的演化过程中,由政府提供大量财政补帖不可能,只能根据经济大环境和工业化进程选择阶段性的农业保险发展道路。近期以商业性保险为主,政策性保险为辅;远期以政策性保险为主,商业性保险为辅;中期则以农业保险合作社作为过渡的经营发展模式。

China is one of the countries subject to the severe natural disasters inthe world. Implementation of agricultural ensurance is one of the important means tolessen the losses caused by natural disasters. Since the objective of agricultural en-surance is mainly the crop planting and animal raising with great risks and high lossrate. The limited payment ability by the farmers constrains the development of agricul-tural ensurance. At present,there are two kinds of ensurance modles in the world,i. e.the commercial ensurance; and the policy ensurance. The former only selects farm cropswith high values to be ensured by the commercial principle with proper risks;whilst thelatter is to carry out Agricultural ensurance with a large sum of funds provided by thegovernment.The Chinese economy is now just in the bi-economy and in the process ofeconomic evolution so that it is impossible for the government to provide a large sum offunds. It is only necessary to select the developing road of agricultural ensurance instages in accordance with economic macro-environment and industrial progress. In theimmediate future,the commercial ensurance should be in the main and the policy en-surance will be the supplementary;whilst in the long-term future,the policy ensuranceshould be in the main,and the commercial ensurance will be the supplementary. In theintermediate future, the agricultural ensurance cooperatives should be the transitionaloperation developing road.