昆仑山西段与东段地貌景观差异性探讨

A DISCUSSION ON DIFFERENCE OF GEOMORPHOLOGIC LANDSCAPE BETWEEN THE WESTERN AND EASTERN PART OF THE KUNLUN MOUNTAINS

昆仑山是青藏高原北部一个高寒干旱的自然地理单元。它是亚洲中部高峻挺拔的巨型山系之一,跨经度16°以上。山地东段与西段的自然状况明显不同。本文主要论述东、西段地貌景观的差异性:山地西段呈现横向岭谷相间的形态,处于青壮年地貌发展阶段;山地东段以纵向低山与高位山间盆地为特点,高原地貌特征明显,属老年地貌发展阶段。

The Kunlun Mts. in geographically a cold and arid unit located at the northern part of the Qinghai—Xizang Plateau, and a giant mountain chain across over 16° of longitude. There is an evident difference of geomorphologic landscape between the western and eastern part of the chain. It is reflected as follows:1. The western part has the high ridges over 6 000 m a. s. l. and more than 20 peaks over 7 000 ma. s. l. The terrain is highly dissected and eroded, which is eharactered by alternating the transversal ridges with valleys, and is during the mean or mature stage of landform development. However, the eastern part, with a ridge hight about 5 000 m a. s. l.. shows the relief—subdued plateau landscape charactered by the longitudinal arrangement of low mountain and upland intermountain basins, and the landform is during gerontic stage.2. In the western part, a lot of modern valley glaciers distribute; Quaternary glacial remains are well preserved and belong to 3 times of glaciation excluding the Little Ice Age and the New Ice Age. In the eastern part, however. there is a few of small—scale flat—topped, glaciers; preserved glacial remains are too less to restore an original landscape.3. Neotectonism with oscillation made the river terraces develop and the thick—bedded sediments of the early Quaternary deform in the western part. However, the indistinct difference of landform and the sporadic distribution of the early Quaternary sediment indicate that amassive uplifting movement occurred slowly in the eastern part,