维持性血液透析患者运动的护理

Nursing of the exercise of patients with maintenance hemodialysis

目的 了解血液透析患者对运动知识的掌握情况 ,探讨运动对血液透析 (HD)患者生活质量的影响 ,总结血液透析患者运动的护理体会。方法 研究对象为 2 3例病情稳定的维持性血液透析 (MHD)患者 ,调查他们对运动知识的了解程度 ,观察运动前后血压、心率的变化及运动后血浆前白蛋白、白蛋白、血红蛋白、胆固醇、干体重的改变 ,评价运动后睡眠与精力、食欲、感染、自理等生活质量的变化 ,在运动前后对患者实施健康教育。结果 多数患者对运动知识缺乏了解。 2 3例患者接受运动教育 ,完成教育计划。运动后血压下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,心率稳定 ,血浆前白蛋白、白蛋白、干体重变化明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而血红蛋白及胆固醇运动前后无显著变化 ,睡眠与精力、食欲、感染、自理等生活质量运动后有明显改善 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 知识缺乏是阻碍HD患者运动的主要原因 ,而透析间期进行运动有助于血液透析患者生活质量改善 ,健康教育在MHD患者运动过程中起到重要作用。

Objective To know maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients knowledge on exercise and discuss the influence of exercise on the quality of life of HD patients. Methods Twenty-three MHD patients in stable condition were studied, their knowledge on exercise were surveyed, The changes of blood pressure (BP),heart rate (HR), plasma PA, Alb, HB, TCH, dry body weight before and after exercise were observed. The charges of quality of life such as sleep, energe, appetite and infection before and after exercise were evaluated.Results Most of the patients were lack of the knowledge of exercise.All of the 23 patients accepted exercise education and finished the education program. Blood pressure decreased after exercise significantly (P<0.05), yet heart rate was stable. Plasma PA、ALB、dry body weight and quality of life such as sleep、tolerance、 infection and self-nursing changed significantly (P<0.05). Hb and Tch had no obvious change.Conclusion Lack of knowledge is the main cause of preventing HD patients from doing exerase. Exercise between two hemodialysis sessions can improve the of quality life of HD patients healthy education played an important role in the process of exercise of MHD patients.