前路一期植骨内固定治疗上胸椎结核合并瘫痪

Right anterior intropleural approach, primary autografting and internal fixation for the treatment of upper thoracic tuberculosis with neurological deficits

目的探讨经右侧胸腔一期植骨融合内固定治疗上胸椎结核合并瘫痪的可行性及疗效.方法自1999年1月～2002年6月共收治6例上胸椎结核合并瘫痪患者,男3例,女3例;年龄26～48岁,平均32.3岁.出现症状至入院时间为12～24个月,平均16.5个月,临床表现均有胸背痛及脊柱后凸畸形,脊柱后凸角为15°～30°,平均19°.T3～T5椎体破坏1例,T4,5 4例,T3～T61例.AIA分级:C级5例,D级1例.MRI示椎管内脓肿2例,椎旁脓肿4例,均压迫硬膜囊.术前常规使用异烟肼、链霉素、利福平和乙胺丁醇四联抗痨治疗2～3周,并纠正贫血及低蛋白血症.6例患者全部采用经右胸腔前路病灶清除、椎管减压、一期椎体植骨融合术,3例使用'K'形钢板内固定,3例使用Ventrofix系统内固定治疗.术后继续抗痨治疗9～12个月.结果手术时间为2.5～3.5 h,平均3 h,手术失血量800～220ml,平均1300ml,输血500～2000ml,平均1200ml.6例患者切口均一期愈合,无肺感染、呼吸衰竭等并发症.术后随访16～44个月,平均21个月;4例患者在术后4周内瘫痪完全恢复,2例3个月内完全恢复.所有患者血沉均恢复正常,胸背痛消失,植骨骨性融合,融合时间为3～8个月,平均4.6个月,无一例结核复发,术后脊柱后凸角平均矫正至16°.结论采用经右胸腔前路一期植骨内固定治疗上胸椎结核合并瘫痪是目前较安全、有效的治疗方法,效果好、并发症少.

Objective To investigate the effects of surgical management for upper thoracic tuberculosis with neurological deficits using primary bone grafting and internal fixation through right anterior intrapleural approach. Methods In this study, 6 cases of upper thoracic tuberculosis were admitted to our hospital from January 1999 to June 2002, of which 3 cases were male and 3 female. The age ranged from 26 to 48 years, and the period from the onset of the symptom to hospitalization was 12 months to 24 months. Clinical features included thoracic and back pain, kyphosis and neurological deficits. The kyphosis angle ranged from 15 to 30 degrees. One case involved T3 to T5, 4 cases involved T4,5, and 1 case involved T3 to T6. Neurological deficits were evaluated by ASIA score system. The results showed that there were 5 cases in C grade, and 1 case in D grade. MRI showed compression of dura in all cases, and abscess inside the vertebral canal in 2 cases and outer abscess in 4 cases. All were treated with primary debridement, decompression, interbody autografting and internal fixation of 'K' shape plate or Ventrofix by right anterior intrapleural approach. The antituberculous treatment and nutritional supplement were also performed routinely during the perioperative period. Results During the follow-up period of an average 21 months, all cases healed without any recurrence and complications such as infection, respiratory failure and so on. The thoracic and back pain disappeared and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) decreased to a normal level. All neurological deficits recovered within 3 months, 4 cases of which recovered at 4 weeks after operation. Spinal fusion occurred after 3 to 8 months after operation, and sixteen degrees of kyphosis correction was achieved. Conclusion It is a safe and effective method to use right anterior intropleural approach, primary autografting and internal fixation in the management of upper thoracic tuberculosis associated with neurological deficits.