欧盟铁路改革的方向与进程

Orientation and Process of EU Railway Reform

铁路运输是欧共体/欧盟共同运输政策推行中遇到困难较多的行业,其一体化进程曾远远落后于其他运输方式,然而从20世纪90年代初开始,铁路在共同运输政策中的地位却日益受到重视。文章根据对欧盟有关机构出台相关政策文件的分析,解释了发生这一转变的原因并把欧盟铁路改革的过程分为3个阶段进行介绍与评价:以91/440指令系列为标志的起步阶段;以1996年欧盟委员会"复兴共同体铁路战略"白皮书为起点,第一个铁路改革一揽子方案为中心的改革深化阶段;和以2001年欧盟委员会白皮书"已到决定性时刻"为起点,第二个铁路改革一揽子方案为中心的最新进展阶段。

The rail transport industry has seen most difficulties during implementation of EEC/EU Common Transport Polies and lagged far behind integration of other means of transportation. However, more and more importance has been attached to the rail industry since the beginning of 1990s. According to related EU/EEC documents, this paper analyzes the reasons for this transformation, and describes and comments on the European railway reform by three phases: the starting phase marked by the issuance of Directive 91/440 series; the deepening phase starting with EU Commission White Paper 1996 ' A Strategy for Revitalising the Community's Railways' and centred by the first-package railway infrastructure reform scheme; the updating phase starting with EU Commission White Paper 2001 'European Transport Policy for 2010: time to decide' and centred by the second-package railway infrastructure reform scheme.