1Moore E, Cogbill TH, Jurkovich G J, et al. Organ injury scaling:spleen and liver(1994 revision) [ J ]. J Trauma, 1995,38: 323-324
2Velmahos GC, Toutouzas K, Radin R, et al. High success with nonoperative management of blunt hepatic trauma: the liver is a sturdy organ[ J ]. Arch Surg, 2003,138: 475-481
3Maull KI. Current status of nonoperative management of liver injuries[J ]. World J Surg, 2001,25:1403-1404
4Leone RJ Jr, Hammond JS. Nonopcrative management of pediatric blunt hepatic trauma[J ]. Am Surg, 2001,67:138-142
5Toutouzas KG, Karaiskakis M, Karninski A, et al. Nonoperative management of blunt renal trauma: a prospective study[J]. Am Surg, 2002,68:1097-1103