利用硝酸银处理的硅胶色谱方法分离和提纯中药有效成分的思考

Application of AgNO3-Processed Silica Gel Chromatography in Isolation and Purification of Active Components of Herbal Medicine

[目的]探讨了AgNO3-双键配合物的实验规律及原理。[方法]收集并整理经AgNO3处理的硅胶色谱柱分离的挥发油中含双键的混合物:通过分离纯化中药半边旗中的抗癌有效成分以及用银离子络合法从油脂中分离花生四烯酸等,从中找出规律,并用配位化学理论分析其原理。[结果]分离和纯化结果比较满意。[结论]AgNO3-配合物的稳定性规律是:当无空间障碍时,双键个数越多,络合越牢;环外双键比环内双键络合得牢;顺式比反式络合得牢;末端双键比顺式络合得牢;多重苯环芳烃的配合物比单环芳烃络合得牢。这些规律可以指导结构和理化性质相近、用普通色谱法或萃取法难以分离的双键化合物的分离和纯化。

[Objectivs] To investigate the principle of AgNO3-processed silica gel chromatography in isolation and purification of mixtures with carbon-carbon double bonds (CCDB) from herbal medicine. [Methods] AgN03-processed gel chromatography was used for the isolation of mixtures with carbon-carbon double bonds in the volatile oils and active components from Pteris semipinnata L. ; silver-ion complexion chromatography was applied to isolate arachidom'c acid from lipids. The principle of AgNO3-processed silica gel chromatography was analyzed by coordination theory. [Results] Stable AgNO3 coordinate complexes were obtained. [ Conclusion ] The principle of the formation of stable AgNO3 coordinate complexes may be: (1) the stability will increase with CCDB in free space; (2) exocyclic CCDB is more stable than that of intra-cyclic CCDB; (3) cis-form CCDB is more stable than that of trans-form CCDB; (4) terminal CCDB is more stable than that of cis-form CCDB; (5) aromatic hydrocarbon with multiple benzene rings is more stable than that with single ber zene ring. The possible principle will benefit to the isolation and purification of the mixtures with CCDB, which have similar structure and physiochemical property and are difficult to be isolated and purified by common chromatography and extriction method.