外来植物种对鼎湖山自然保护区的入侵及其影响

Dynamics and Impacts of Invasion by Nonnative Plant Species to Dinghushan Nature Reserve

对鼎湖山自然保护区外来植物入侵的监测和研究表明 ,鼎湖山的外来维管植物占所有维管植物种类的比例已达 2 3%。外来植物入侵程度在保护区不同功能区内差异明显 ,进一步证明人为干扰是影响外来种入侵的主要因素。自然保护区内外来种入侵的来源主要是人工引入 ,少量自然侵入者也与人为干扰有关。生态系统的结构越复杂 ,生物多样性水平愈高 ,生态系统的可入侵性愈低 ,反之可入侵性越高。入侵性外来种通过影响生态系统的环境因子 ,破坏生态系统功能 ,同时亦干扰破坏群落原有种的生理活动和过程 ,成为植物杀手 ,从而降低群落的物种多样性。文内还提出了在自然保护区防止外来种入侵的对策和措施。

According to the monitoring and study conducted in Dinghushan nature reserve, nonnative species take account of 23% of all vascular plant species. There are more nonnative species in the transition area and buffer zone than in the core area where little human disturbance happen. The study results showed that human activity is a key factor effecting nonnative species invasion. Most of the nonnative species came from artificial introduction, and a few are nature invasive species. The more complex an ecosystem structure is, the higher biodiversity an ecosystem supports, the more difficult nonnative species intrude. A few invasive species intrude the reserve in recent years. For some invasive species which distributed in Dinghushan for a long time(>20 years), their population increased greatly in recent years as the environment change. These invasive species exert harmful impact on some environment factors and destroy ecosystem function. Through high growth rate and cling characteristic, these species destroy the physical activity of host, thus become plant killer,and decrease plant species richness.;