楚竹书《孔子诗论》与孔门后学的诗学倾向

Confucius' Commentaries on The Book of Poetry of the Chu Bamboo Scripts and the Poetic Tendency of Confucian Disciples

楚竹书《孔子诗论》非出自孔子 ,乃孔门后学之作。其与《论语》中所体现出的孔子《诗》学 ,应属于两个不同的时代、不同的作风。竹书《诗论》与孔子《诗》学之间 ,在学诗以培养人格、传承礼乐文明等文化精神方面存在着明显的继承关系 ,但更多的是发展。竹书已不再强调《诗》的社会功能 ,不再考虑《诗》的比附性意义 ,而是在对诗意的理解中 ,把握诗旨 ,并把诗与社会、政治及历史联系起来 ,从《诗》中探寻周代社会政治盛衰之迹。呈现出由《诗》之文本入手的学术性倾向。其对孔子诗学的最大发展则在于对诗歌本质与性质的认识。

The so-called Confucius' Commentaries on The Book of Poetry is actually not Confucius' works, but his followers'. In fact, from the poetic spirit respectively embodied in this book and Lunyuu (the Confucian Analects), it is evident that they belonged to different eras and styles. That is, there is an apparent relation of inheritance, but it is development that says more. The former no longer emphasizes the social function of the Book of Poetry, nor concerns its comparative methodology of meaning realization, but attempts to command the themes through understanding the poeticality, and associates the poems with their society, their politics and their historical circumstances, in order to look into the reasons of the rise and fall of the Zhou Dynasty. So there appeared an academic tendency of text interpretation. And the greatest advancement from Confucian learning of the Book of Poetry lies in its recognition of the essence and property of poetry.