社会主义现实主义“英雄”理念的逻辑演绎

Logical Extension of the Idea of Socialist Realist "Hero"

"新英雄"理念是社会主义现实主义文艺思潮的重要美学范畴,也是革命文学英雄叙事文本建构的核心规范。左翼时期的"新英雄"理念是由革命文学家根据各自的理解而独立提出的,强调新英雄的特质乃是集体主义,却未成为文学创作的指令性规范;《讲话》发表后,"新英雄"理念则成了工农兵文学的法定性的头等重要创作原则,它演绎出的新英雄范式越来越理想化偏激化,成为政党意志的集中体现,而文学创作必须遵循,从而悖离了现实主义轨道;及至"文革"新英雄理念便成了制造现代迷信的理论根据。

The idea of 'New Hero' works not only as an important aesthetic category in the socialist realist literary trend, but as a kernel norm in the textual construction of revolutionary literary Hero narratives as well. Dering the Left-Wing period, it was put forth by revolutionary men of letters in line with their respective interpretation, stressing that its essence is of collectivism, which, nevertheless had not become a dictate or an imperative. However, after Mao Zedong's speech at the Yannan Symposium on Art and Literature was delivered, it became a decisive principle of first importance in literary creation, then it further extended itself more and more ideally and radically, presenting itself as a centralized embodiment of the Party's will to be implemented by literary creation, thus deviating so greatly from the realistic path, that, during the Cultural Revolution, it became one of the theoretical grounds for producing contemporary superstition.