辨名与析理——张岱年先生的“逻辑”思想论

Argumentation and reasoning——ZHANG Dai-nian's "logic" thought

张岱年先生是跨越两个世纪的中国哲学家(或"国学大师"),他之所以能成为中国哲学的"大师",其主要的原因在于,他在中国哲学研究的方法论上,开创了"综合创新"之路:他主张逻辑是西方形式逻辑与方法论的统一,是西方逻辑、中国古代名辩学和辩证法的有机统一。而他研究中国哲学的方法论正是建立在这样的"综合型"的逻辑观的基础上,他提出通过对西方逻辑和逻辑分析法的引进,而能合理地运用西方的"逻辑解析法"(概念分析法和问题分析法)于中国哲学的概念化、范畴化和系统化的——"现代化"进程之中,建立了中国哲学之固有的义理体系。但他的哲学方法论并没有把西方的"逻辑解析法"当成点石成金的"金手指",而又能在中国哲学实现"逻辑化"、范畴化和理性化的同时,也在本质上保有了中国传统思维方式(如名辩学)的本土特质。

ZHANG Dai-nian, an imminent Chinese philosopher across two centuries, is regarded as a master of Chinese philosophy for the reasons: that he explored a road to synthesizing and creativity in the Chinese philosophy research methodology. He proposed that logic was a combination of western formal logic and methodology, namely, an organic unity of western logic, ancient Chinese argumentation and dialectics. Based on his Chinese philosophy methodology research through this sort of way, he established the motivation system of Chinese philosophy by advocating: by means of the introduction of Western logic and logic analysis method, apply Western logic parsing method to the Chinese logic modernization -- conceptualization, categorization and systematization. Nevertheless, his introduction and application maintained such native features of traditional Chinese reasoning method as argumentation.