重庆民众成败归因特征的研究

A Study of The Attribution Characteristics for Success and Failure in Chonqing People

采用自编的成败归因量表对重庆市不同职业阶层的民众进行抽样调查并对调查所取得的数据进行分析,结果表明:重庆民众成败归因的因素既有现实因素也有宿命因素,在成败归因上看重"能力"和"努力"等现实因素,但"缘分"等宿命因素也是其归因的重要内容;成败归因在大多数因素上存在职业差异和事件差异,但基本上不存在性别差异;成功归因与失败归因之间存在较高的一致性。

In order to explore Chinese attribution characteristics for success and failure, this study investigated more than 400 Chinese from different professions in Chongqing by using the self-made'Chinese Attribution Scale for Success and Failure'. The results suggested : Chongqing people attribution factors for success and failure included both realistic and fatalistic factors. They put emphasis on the realistic factors such as abilities and efforts; While the fatalistic factors such as predestined relationship are also noted as the important elements. The difference in professions and events can led to differences in Chongqing people attribution factors for success and failure, yet difference in sex does not. There is a relatively high consistency between attribution for success and attribution for failure.