模拟大气中不同CO_2含量对水稻生长发育的影响

The growth and development of rice as affected by different CO_2 concentrations in a simulated atmosphere

将水稻种子培养在不同CO2含量的模拟大气玻璃罩内,研究水稻种子萌发期和水稻生长发育的生理变化。结果表明:模拟大气中CO2含量在350～450mg/L范围内,随着大气中CO2含量增加,水稻种子萌发时酸性磷酸酯酶、过氧化氢酶和三磷酸腺苷含量分别提高12 0%、20 5%和24 3%,即水稻种子活力增强,代谢旺盛;随着大气中CO2含量的增加,水稻幼苗对氮、磷养分的吸收利用能力增强,硝酸还原酶活性有所提高,有利于幼苗生长;水稻苗期以大气CO2含量为500mg/L时光合能力最强,拔节期和孕穗期以大气CO2含量为450mg/L时水稻光合能力最强;水稻经济产量以大气CO2含量为500mg/L时增产幅度最大,比对照(CO2含量为350mg/L)增产10 2%。

The physiological changes of rice during germination, growth and development were studied in a simulating experiment, in which the rice seeds were planted in glass chambers with different CO_2 concentrations. The results showed that when CO_2 concentration was increased from 350 mg/L to 450 mg/L, the contents of acidic phospholipase, catalase, and ATP of rice seeds during germination were increased by 12.0 %, 20.5 % and 24.3 %,respectively. This indicated that the activity of rice seeds was enhanced and its metabolism was accelerated. The increase of CO_2 concentration also result in an increased N, P, and K nutrient absorption ability of the rice seedlings and a higher nitrate reductase activity, thus favored the growth of rice. Photosynthesis abilities of rice were the highest at CO_2 concentration of 500 mg/L during rice seedling period and 450 mg/L during stem elongation and spike formation stage.The highest economic rice yield was achieved at CO_2 concentration of 500 mg/L, which was 10.2 % higher than that of the control (CO_2 concentration of 350 mg/L).