论21世纪生态学的新使命——演绎生态系统在地球表面系统过程中的作用

New mission of ecology in 21^(st) century:to deduct the functions of ecosystems in process of earth surface system

地球表面系统包括大气圈的对流层、水圈、生物圈和岩石圈的地壳部分 ,是“地球系统”中与人类当前生存关系最密切、最直接的部分。地球表面系统是一个反馈和控制系统 ,生物圈 ,尤其是人类表现出越来越重要的作用。地球表面系统研究使生态学与地学各学科领域相整合。在此新的整合研究中 ,不同生态系统类型成果的“整合”和向区域、流域尺度应用的“尺度转化”,以及生态过程与各地学过程的“整合”成为难点。文章介绍了地球表面系统的国际研究计划、研究状况和技术手段 ,总结了我国目前的研究进展、存在的问题 ,指出演绎生态系统在地球表面系统过程中的作用是本世纪生态学的重要任务 。

Earth surface system includes troposphere,hydrosphere,biosphere and the earth's crust of lithosphere, which is the closest and the most direct partition to the human survival in earth system. Biosphere,especially human being,plays a more and more important role in the feedback and control mechanism of the system. Earth surface system research makes ecology integrate with all kinds of subjects in geosciences. The“integration”of research results among various ecosystems and the“scale transition”from an observation site to a region, even to a whole drainage area, become the difficulties in the new research field, so does the “integration”between ecology and the subject in geosciences. The international programs, status and measure technique in earth surface system research are introduced, and the research progress and problems in China are summarized in this paper. The author points out that it is the new mission of ecology in 21st century to deduct the functions of ecosystems in process of earth surface system. The author also provides the advice to promote earth surface system research in China.