大方县主要粮食作物生产系统的生态可持续性研究

Study on ecological sustainability of major grain crop production systems in Dafang county

生态的可持续发展是全面实现农业可持续发展的前提。生态可持续发展的一个重要目标就是通过整合农业生产各组成部分,寻求对当地资源的合理保护和利用。作物生产作为最重要的农事活动,其作物栽培制度、作物栽培技术措施等,对当地的生态可持续发展有着举足轻重的影响。本研究根据大方各生态区域的自然、社会和经济条件的不同,分别将小屯、竹园、六龙3个乡镇选为代表中低海拔、中海拔、中高海拔地区的作物生产区域,对大方县的主要粮食作物生产系统的可持续性进行分析。根据所选的指标体系进行第一手资料和第二手资料收集:农户调查通过面谈、田间观察和小组讨论进行;主要粮食作物生产情况通过选择有代表性的田块进行相关数据的收集。研究表明,从总体上来说,虽然小屯的总分值较其他两个乡镇略高,但3个乡镇的最后平均得分都处于中等偏低水平,其主要粮食作物生产系统的生态可持续性都属于中等偏低的水平。

Ecological sustainability is a prerequisite to realize sustainable agricultural development as a whole. One of the important goals for sustainable ecological development is to integrate all of the agricultural production components to rationally utilize and protect the local natural resources. Crop production, as the most important agricultural activities, plays an important role for the local ecological sustainability. This study, based on the reconnaissance survey and secondary data on biophysical, socioeconomics and topography, divides Dafang's agriculture into three parts as lower-middle agricultural area; middle agricultural area; and middle-higher agricultural area. Correspondingly, Xiaotun, Zhuyuan and Liulong towns are selected as representatives of those three parts. Primary data were collected directly from local people, governmental officers and staff in agricultural agencies for those indicators when the secondary data were not available. Household survey was collected through interview, field observations, and group discussion with the key informants in the study area. Study shows that total indicator value in Xiaotun is slightly higher than that of Zhuyuan and Liulong. However, the average indicator values in all three towns are at middle-lower level, therefore, the ecological sustainability of major food crop production systems at all sites are at middle-lower level.