盐湖环境变化趋势与趋利避害

Trend of salt lake change in the background of global warming and disaster prevention

盐湖/湖泊是气候变化的一面镜子。本文以国内外典型盐湖区地质灾害为案例,说明自然引起的盐湖地质灾害,人类在事先监测而掌握其变化趋势情况下,可趋利避害,减少损失程度。文中分析在中国西部气候可能由暖干向暖湿转型的情势下,中国盐湖的变化趋势,并就其近期湖水涨缩特点划分3种类型(湖水上涨型区、湖水下降型区和湖水上涨不稳区)。为了适应中国盐湖区气候—湖泊变化,提出在重要盐湖区增建和完善水文、气象观察站,并与遥感监测相结合;建立多学科、跨部门的近期西部盐湖区环境变化的重大基础项目。同时需在重点盐湖区增设防洪防旱水利设施工程、制定湖区生态保护措施等,在筑建盐田和基建工程时应充分考虑洪水泛滥的影响。

Salt lakes are a mirror of climatic change. According to a study of geological hazards in typical salt lake districts in China and other foreign countries, the authors explain how geological hazards in salt lake districts are caused by natural agents and how mankind can avoid hazards and reduce loss on the premise that people have monitored and mastered the trend of salt lake change in advance. The climate in western China is probably turning from warm-dry to warm-moist. The authors analyze the change trend of China's salt lakes in such climatic conditions and distinguish three types of salt lake districts (i.e. lake water rising type, lake water falling type and lake water rising and unstable type) according to the characteristics of lake water rising and shrinking. In order to conform to the climatic and lake changes in China's salt lake districts, the authors propose to add and improve hydrological and meteorological observation stations and integrate observations with remote sensing monitoring and set up multidisciplinary and interdepartmental basic projects to monitor and study climatic and environmental changes in salt lake districts of western China in the near future. Moreover, it is necessary to build additional flood-control and drought-preventing water conservancy facilities in key salt lake districts and work out measures for ecological protection in salt lake districts. Full consideration should be given to the influence of flooding when building saltfields and implementing capital projects.